为了解决检测到令人反感的评论/帖子的难题，这些评论/帖子具有很多非正式的，非结构化，错误的和码混合，我们在本研究论文中介绍了两种发明方法。社交媒体平台上的攻击性评论/帖子，可以影响个人，团体或未成年人。为了对两个受欢迎的Dravidian语言，泰米尔和马拉雅拉姆分类，作为哈索克的一部分 - Dravidiancodemix Fire 2021共享任务，我们采用了两个基于变压器的原型，该原型成功地站在前8名以获得所有任务。可以查看和使用我们方法的代码。

and widely used information measurement metric, particularly popularized for SSVEP- based Brain-Computer (BCI) interfaces. By combining speed and accuracy into a single-valued parameter, this metric aids in the evaluation and comparison of various target identification algorithms across different BCI communities. To accurately depict performance and inspire an end-to-end design for futuristic BCI designs, a more thorough examination and definition of ITR is therefore required. We model the symbiotic communication medium, hosted by the retinogeniculate visual pathway, as a discrete memoryless channel and use the modified capacity expressions to redefine the ITR. We use graph theory to characterize the relationship between the asymmetry of the transition statistics and the ITR gain with the new definition, leading to potential bounds on data rate performance. On two well-known SSVEP datasets, we compared two cutting-edge target identification methods. Results indicate that the induced DM channel asymmetry has a greater impact on the actual perceived ITR than the change in input distribution. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ITR gain under the new definition is inversely correlated with the asymmetry in the channel transition statistics. Individual input customizations are further shown to yield perceived ITR performance improvements. An algorithm is proposed to find the capacity of binary classification and further discussions are given to extend such results to ensemble techniques.We anticipate that the results of our study will contribute to the characterization of the highly dynamic BCI channel capacities, performance thresholds, and improved BCI stimulus designs for a tighter symbiosis between the human brain and computer systems while enhancing the efficiency of the underlying communication resources.

Anomaly detection on time series data is increasingly common across various industrial domains that monitor metrics in order to prevent potential accidents and economic losses. However, a scarcity of labeled data and ambiguous definitions of anomalies can complicate these efforts. Recent unsupervised machine learning methods have made remarkable progress in tackling this problem using either single-timestamp predictions or time series reconstructions. While traditionally considered separately, these methods are not mutually exclusive and can offer complementary perspectives on anomaly detection. This paper first highlights the successes and limitations of prediction-based and reconstruction-based methods with visualized time series signals and anomaly scores. We then propose AER (Auto-encoder with Regression), a joint model that combines a vanilla auto-encoder and an LSTM regressor to incorporate the successes and address the limitations of each method. Our model can produce bi-directional predictions while simultaneously reconstructing the original time series by optimizing a joint objective function. Furthermore, we propose several ways of combining the prediction and reconstruction errors through a series of ablation studies. Finally, we compare the performance of the AER architecture against two prediction-based methods and three reconstruction-based methods on 12 well-known univariate time series datasets from NASA, Yahoo, Numenta, and UCR. The results show that AER has the highest averaged F1 score across all datasets (a 23.5% improvement compared to ARIMA) while retaining a runtime similar to its vanilla auto-encoder and regressor components. Our model is available in Orion, an open-source benchmarking tool for time series anomaly detection.

Recent advances in neural radiance fields have enabled the high-fidelity 3D reconstruction of complex scenes for novel view synthesis. However, it remains underexplored how the appearance of such representations can be efficiently edited while maintaining photorealism. In this work, we present PaletteNeRF, a novel method for photorealistic appearance editing of neural radiance fields (NeRF) based on 3D color decomposition. Our method decomposes the appearance of each 3D point into a linear combination of palette-based bases (i.e., 3D segmentations defined by a group of NeRF-type functions) that are shared across the scene. While our palette-based bases are view-independent, we also predict a view-dependent function to capture the color residual (e.g., specular shading). During training, we jointly optimize the basis functions and the color palettes, and we also introduce novel regularizers to encourage the spatial coherence of the decomposition. Our method allows users to efficiently edit the appearance of the 3D scene by modifying the color palettes. We also extend our framework with compressed semantic features for semantic-aware appearance editing. We demonstrate that our technique is superior to baseline methods both quantitatively and qualitatively for appearance editing of complex real-world scenes.

A reliable critic is central to on-policy actor-critic learning. But it becomes challenging to learn a reliable critic in a multi-agent sparse reward scenario due to two factors: 1) The joint action space grows exponentially with the number of agents 2) This, combined with the reward sparseness and environment noise, leads to large sample requirements for accurate learning. We show that regularising the critic with spectral normalization (SN) enables it to learn more robustly, even in multi-agent on-policy sparse reward scenarios. Our experiments show that the regularised critic is quickly able to learn from the sparse rewarding experience in the complex SMAC and RWARE domains. These findings highlight the importance of regularisation in the critic for stable learning.

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs) achieves impressive performance on a range of downstream tasks, and their sizes have consequently been getting bigger. Since a different copy of the model is required for each task, this paradigm is infeasible for storage-constrained edge devices like mobile phones. In this paper, we propose SPARTAN, a parameter efficient (PE) and computationally fast architecture for edge devices that adds hierarchically organized sparse memory after each Transformer layer. SPARTAN freezes the PLM parameters and fine-tunes only its memory, thus significantly reducing storage costs by re-using the PLM backbone for different tasks. SPARTAN contains two levels of memory, with only a sparse subset of parents being chosen in the first level for each input, and children cells corresponding to those parents being used to compute an output representation. This sparsity combined with other architecture optimizations improves SPARTAN's throughput by over 90% during inference on a Raspberry Pi 4 when compared to PE baselines (adapters) while also outperforming the latter by 0.1 points on the GLUE benchmark. Further, it can be trained 34% faster in a few-shot setting, while performing within 0.9 points of adapters. Qualitative analysis shows that different parent cells in SPARTAN specialize in different topics, thus dividing responsibility efficiently.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

数学推理是人类智力的核心能力，在抽象思维和逻辑推理中对机器提出了独特的挑战。最近的大型预训练的语言模型（例如GPT-3）在以文本形式（例如数学单词问题（MWP））编写的数学推理任务上取得了显着的进步。但是，未知模型是否可以处理更复杂的问题，这些问题涉及数学推理，例如表格数据。为了填补空白，我们提出了表格数学单词问题（TABMWP），这是一个包含38,431个开放域级等级问题的新数据集，这些问题需要在文本和表格数据上进行数学推理。 TABMWP中的每个问题都与表格上下文对齐，该上下文作为图像，半结构化文本和结构化表。有两种类型的问题：自由文本和多选择，每个问题都用金解决方案注释以揭示多步推理过程。我们在TABMWP上评估了不同的预训练模型，包括在几次设置中的GPT-3模型。正如先前的研究所表明的那样，由于很少有GPT-3依赖于内在的示例的选择，因此其性能是不稳定的，并且可能会降解为几乎机会。处理TABMWP等复杂问题时，不稳定的问题更为严重。为了减轻这种情况，我们进一步提出了一种新颖的方法，即PresspG，该方法利用策略梯度学习从少量培训数据中选择中文示例，然后为测试示例构造相应的提示。实验结果表明，与随机选择相比，我们的方法在准确性度量上优于最佳基线，并显着降低了预测方差，这验证了其在选择性上下文示例中的有效性。

随着共同群众在社交媒体中的参与不断上升，政策制定者/记者在社交媒体上进行在线民意调查以了解人们在特定地点的政治倾向是越来越普遍的。这里的警告是，只有有影响力的人才能进行这样的在线民意调查并大规模伸展。此外，在这种情况下，选民的分配是不可控制的，实际上可能是有偏见的。另一方面，如果我们可以通过社交媒体解释公开可用的数据来探究用户的政治倾向，我们将能够对调查人群有可控的见解，保持低调的成本，并在没有公开数据的情况下收集公开可用的数据涉及有关人员。因此，我们引入了一个自我牵键的半监督框架，以进一步进一步实现这一目标。我们模型的优点是它既不需要大量的培训数据，也不需要存储社交网络参数。然而，它在没有带注释的数据的情况下达到了93.7 \％的精度。此外，每个课程只有几个注释的示例可以实现竞争性能。我们发现，即使在资源约束的设置中，该模型也是高效的，并且从其预测中得出的见解与手动调查结果相匹配时，将其应用于不同的现实生活中。

在回答问题时，人类会利用跨不同模式可用的信息来综合一致，完整的思想链（COT）。在深度学习模型（例如大规模语言模型）的情况下，这个过程通常是黑匣子。最近，科学问题基准已用于诊断AI系统的多跳推理能力和解释性。但是，现有数据集无法为答案提供注释，或仅限于仅文本模式，小尺度和有限的域多样性。为此，我们介绍了科学问题答案（SQA），这是一个新的基准，由〜21k的多模式多种选择问题组成，其中包含各种科学主题和答案的注释，并提供相应的讲座和解释。我们进一步设计语言模型，以学习将讲座和解释作为思想链（COT），以模仿回答SQA问题时的多跳上推理过程。 SQA在语言模型中展示了COT的实用性，因为COT将问题的答案绩效提高了1.20％的GPT-3和3.99％的unifiedqa。我们还探索了模型的上限，以通过喂食输入中的那些来利用解释；我们观察到它将GPT-3的少量性能提高了18.96％。我们的分析进一步表明，与人类类似的语言模型受益于解释，从较少的数据中学习并仅使用40％的数据实现相同的性能。